مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 623 (هفته سوم تیر 1400)

Phosalone is used as a pesticide to control pests. Oxidative stress is one of the most important mechanisms by which Phosalone causes toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects following exposure to Phosalone in red bone marrow cells of mice.

In this study, 60 Syrian male mice [with 6 to 8 weeks of age and body weight (BW) of 20-25 g] were divided to 8 equal groups. Group 1 received Phosalone career by gavage for 5 days (negative control), group 2 received cyclophosphamide with the dose of 40 mg/kg by gavage for 5 days (positive control), and groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 received Phosalone at doses of 6, 12, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW for 5 consecutive days by gavage. After isolating bone marrow and lymphocytes from mice, comet test was performed to evaluate genotoxic effects 1 and 5 days following exposure to Phosalone.

Tail length in the groups receiving Phosalone for 1 day and 5 days at doses of 12, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW was significantly different from the negative control group (P < 0.050). The time factor was also effective in increasing this degradation; as in 5-day assessment more DNA degradation was observed than 1-day assessment.

In this study, dose- and time-dependent genotoxic effects with Phosalone were observed. It also highlights the need for serious attention to limiting the use of this compound as a pesticide in agriculture.

Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular arrhythmia, and is one of the most common complication after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum magnesium level and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after CABG in patients referred to Bu-Ali Sina hospital in Qazvin, Iran.

137 patients who were candidates for CABG surgery were included in this observational study. Demographic information and medical records were recorded for patients. Patients were monitored for three days, and their serum magnesium levels were assessed daily. Patients were divided into hypomagnesium and normomagnesium groups based on the presence or absence of hypomagnesemia in the surgery day and the first to third day after surgery. Patients were monitored for cardiac arrhythmias, and if necessary, magnesium sulfate injection and its dose were recorded. Finally, the data obtained from the study were analyzed using SPSS software.

Serum magnesium level was significantly different between the two groups before and on the day of surgery, and one to three days after surgery at all study intervals. The difference between the two groups in terms of atrial fibrillation incidence was not statistically significant (P = 0.797); but there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of atrial fibrillation incidence time (P = 0.014).

The role of magnesium in incidence of atrial fibrillation after CABG surgery is still unclear, and further studies are needed.

In the case of COVID-19 pandemic and the risks of transmitting the disease to other people in the hospital environment, and the need to performing some surgeries, implementing preventive measures in operating rooms should be seriously considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the important surgical instructions during COVID-19 pandemic.

This was a systematic review study in which data were collected by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases and Google Scholar search engine with the keywords Corona, COVID 19, operating room, and surgery. Inclusion criteria of articles included published in 2020 and 2021, original articles, English language, and having the keywords in the title or abstract. By applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of 100 articles and selected sites, 54 articles were selected, and after the second review by another researcher, 29 articles completely related to the subject were reviewed and analyzed.

Some of the most important points during the COVID-19 pandemic in the operating room space is to reduce the number of elective surgeries, correct use of personal protective equipment by the surgical team in the operating room, use of a small port to prevent gas leakage and low insufflation pressure in laparoscopic surgery, use of disposable moisturizing filter in the operating room environment for better ventilation, use of disposable airway and video laryngoscope by anesthesiologist, and increasing the frequency of ventilation more than 25 times per hour between surgeries.

It is necessary to install provided instructions in the operating room, and the operating room supervisors have close monitor over its proper implementation.